The Hate U Give SparkNotes Literature Guide

Genres: African American Urban

Synopsis

Created by Harvard students for students everywhere, SparkNotes give you just what you need to succeed in school:

• Complete Plot Summary and Analysis
• Key Facts About the Work
• Analysis of Major Characters
• Themes, Motifs, and Symbols
• Explanation of Important Quotations
• Author’s Historical Context
• Suggested Essay Topics
• 25-Question Review Quiz

The Hate U Give features explanations of key themes, motifs, and symbols including: identity and blackness; racialized poverty; hip hop; Harry Potter; One-Fifteen; Maverick's roses. It also includes detailed analysis of these important characters: Starr Carter; Khalil Harris; Maverick "Big Mav" Carter; Lisa Carter.

Publisher: Union Square & Co.

Print pages: 96

Sample

Angie Thomas was born in 1988, in Jackson, Mississippi, and grew up in the primarily black neighborhood where she still resides. After six-year-old Thomas witnessed a shootout between gangs, Thomas’s mother introduced her to the library to show her that the world was bigger than the violence outside. The library experience inspired Thomas’s love of stories. In 2009, while Thomas was studying creative writing at Belhaven University, police officers shot an unarmed black man named Oscar Grant in California. Thomas’s classmates dismissed Grant as a criminal, but Thomas saw him as someone who could have come from her own neighborhood. Soon after, these feelings grew into a short story for Thomas’s creative writing class about a teenage girl who witnesses her best friend shot by police.

As violence against black communities continued, Thomas transformed her short story into The Hate U Give. In 2012, George Zimmerman fatally shot seventeen-year-old Trayvon Martin in Florida. Media outlets reported widely on the attack, and the state took Zimmerman to trial. The jury found him innocent. The resulting anger and frustration led three community organizers—Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi—to create the Black Lives Matter movement in 2013. Black Lives Matter organizes civil action and protests in response to violence against black communities. After a police officer shot eighteen-year-old Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, Black Lives Matter activists organized protests and rallies against police brutality. Elements of these real-life events appear in The Hate U Give. In the book, the police’s militarized response toward protesters reflects the behavior of the Ferguson police, who sent officers in riot gear to fire tear gas, rubber bullets, and flash grenades into the crowds. As in The Hate U Give, some vandalism of businesses happened amid the chaos, but most protesters remained peaceful.

Thomas found inspiration in the story of Rachel Jeantel, one of Trayvon Martin’s friends, who spoke on the phone with Martin at the time of his death. Jeantel gave testimony for the prosecution at Zimmerman’s trial. She became a subject of public ridicule because many claimed Jeantel sounded uneducated. Infuriated by the media’s dismissal of Jeantel, Thomas created Starr Carter, a character who knows how to talk in a way that the white mainstream media identifies as well-spoken, but who delivers an account of police brutality similar to Jeantel’s. Starr knows how to switch between the speech and mannerisms of her predominantly white school and black neighborhood, and therefore receives less scrutiny than Jeantel. Similarly, Thomas tried to overcome the stereotypes associated with her neighborhood by “code-switching” at her mostly white college.

In 2015, the nonprofit We Need Diverse Books awarded Thomas its very first grant. Founded in response to the lack of diversity in children’s fiction, We Need Diverse Books argued that all children deserve to see themselves as the protagonists in fiction and to read stories written by diverse authors. The Hate U Give—a story written by a black woman about a black teenage girl—speaks directly to the organization’s mission. Growing up, Thomas could not find teen fiction that reflected her experience, instead finding a mirror in hip-hop. She even attempted a career as a rapper. Now, Thomas infuses hip-hop into her books. The title The Hate U Give comes from the late rapper Tupac Shakur’s “THUG LIFE” acronym, which stands for “The Hate U Give Little Infants F---s Everybody.”

The Hate U Give was released to critical acclaim, reaching the number one spot on the New York Times Young Adult Best Seller list its first week in print and won multiple awards. The film adaptation was released in 2018. Despite its positive reception, the book became frequently challenged, with its harsh language and negative depiction of police cited as problematic. Nevertheless, the book continues to sell well, and in 2018, HarperCollins published a collector’s edition with bonus content, including Thomas’s original short story.

Starr Carter, a sixteen-year-old black girl, attends a party in her neighborhood, Garden Heights. Starr goes with Kenya, a friend with whom she shares an older half-brother, Seven. Ever since she started attending Williamson Prep, a primarily white school, Starr feels out of place in the Garden Heights social scene. When Kenya goes off with other friends, Starr runs into her childhood best friend, Khalil Harris, who she hasn’t seen in a long time. Gunshots from a gang fight interrupt the party, and Khalil offers to take Starr home. While Khalil drives, he explains rapper Tupac Shakur’s idea that “Thug Life” stands for “The Hate U Give Little Infants F---s Everybody.” Soon after, a white police officer with the badge number 115 pulls them over. Khalil questions the motivation for the stop, and One-Fifteen orders him out of the car and searches him. One-Fifteen commands Khalil not to move, and returns to his car. Khalil opens the door to check on Starr. One-Fifteen fatally shoots Khalil.

Starr has nightmares about the death of another childhood friend, Natasha, who died in the crossfire of a gang shooting. At school on Monday, Starr feels tense around Hailey and Chris, her white friend and boyfriend, as memories of Khalil’s death interrupt her thoughts and she realizes they don’t understand. At the urging of her uncle Carlos, a police officer, Starr goes into the police station after school with her mother, Lisa, to testify about Khalil’s shooting. Starr realizes that the officers are asking more questions about whether Khalil was a troublemaker than about the night of the shooting. She worries that justice for Khalil will not be served. At Khalil’s funeral, a lawyer and activist named April Ofrah confirms Starr’s fears when she announces that the police will not pursue legal action against One-Fifteen and invites the attendees to a rally in Khalil’s honor. Starr blames herself for the police’s inaction. King, the head of a local gang called the King Lords, also interrupts the funeral and places a gray bandana on Khalil’s casket, signifying Khalil’s membership in the King Lords. April Ofrah tells Starr to call her if she needs legal representation.

The news that the police won’t prosecute One-Fifteen leads to days of protests in Garden Heights. During this time, Maverick, Starr’s father, explains to her his interpretation of Tupac’s phrase “Thug Life.” He believes that Thug Life describes a system designed against black communities. Only by speaking out can black communities begin to break the cycle. At the Carter family’s grocery store, a teenage member of the King Lords named DeVante begs Maverick, a former King Lord, to help him leave the gang. Maverick agrees. Starr sees DeVante’s request as a chance to help someone in a similar situation as Khalil. A few days later, Maverick gets into an argument with the neighborhood barber, Mr. Lewis. Although the argument is peaceful, two police officers intervene, and when they see that Maverick is Starr’s father, they push him to the ground and search him. Between this scary event and pressure from Kenya, Starr decides that she will no longer remain silent.

The District Attorney calls Lisa to announce that a grand jury will hear the case against One-Fifteen and asks if Starr will testify. Starr agrees, and April Ofrah decides to represent Starr pro bono. She also wants to find a way to arrange for Starr to do a television interview. Meanwhile, DeVante tells Starr that Khalil had never been a member of the King Lords and only sold drugs for King to protect his mother, who had stolen money from King. During Starr’s television interview, she decides, against Ms. Ofrah’s advice, to talk about the truth behind Khalil’s drug dealing. This enrages King. The night before her grand jury testimony, someone throws a brick and fires a gun into the Carter household. Unsure if the culprits are the King Lords or the police, Starr almost backs out of testifying. However, she ultimately decides that Khalil needs her truth. She testifies before the grand jury.

Almost two months later, the grand jury announces their decision not to indict One-Fifteen. Starr and some of her friends get caught up in the resulting riots. As she tries to avoid the chaos, Starr stumbles upon a protest led by Ms. Ofrah. She offers Starr the megaphone, and Starr leads a chant in front of the protest. The police try to break up the protest with tear gas. Starr and her friends head to the Carter family store to get milk to help heal their eyes. A Molotov cocktail lands in the store, setting it ablaze and trapping them inside. Maverick arrives just in time to unlock the back door. King shows up to taunt them, proud about getting his revenge. The police arrive, and King, confident that no one will testify against him, claims ignorance. However, the neighbors rally around the Carter family and tell the police that they saw King throw the Molotov cocktail. The police arrest King. Although the grocery store is in ruins, Starr knows that the family will rebuild. She vows to continue fighting for justice on behalf of Khalil and all other black people killed at the hands of police.

Starr Carter The protagonist and narrator of the novel. Starr is a sixteen-year-old black high school student who spends her life divided between the poor, primarily black neighborhood of Garden Heights and Williamson Prep, a wealthy, primarily white school. Starr is analytical and sharp, but because she narrates events as she experiences them, her emotions are immediate and unfiltered. Traumatized after witnessing the fatal shooting of her friend Khalil, Starr blames herself for not being there for Khalil prior to his death. As Starr gains the courage to testify at the grand jury hearing for One-Fifteen and grapples with how being black affects all aspects of her life, she grows more outspoken, refusing to accept the way racism hurts her.

Khalil Harris Starr’s childhood best friend who is shot by One-Fifteen during a traffic stop. After Khalil’s death, rumors spread that Khalil dealt drugs and participated in the King Lords gang, calling his character into question. However, Starr remembers Khalil primarily as the sweet friend she knew growing up. Kenya and DeVante attest that Khalil often spoke fondly of Starr, and that he cared about her very much. Toward the end of the novel,. . .