Kingdom of Strangers

Book 0: A Katya Hijazi and Nayir Sharqi Novel

by Zoë Ferraris

Genres: Literary Fiction; Suspense

Synopsis

A secret grave is unearthed in the desert revealing the bodies of 19 women and the shocking truth that a serial killer has been operating undetected in Jeddah for more than a decade. However, lead inspector Ibrahim Zahrani is distracted by a mystery closer to home. His mistress has suddenly disappeared, but he cannot report her missing since adultery is punishable by death. With nowhere to turn, Ibrahim brings the case to Katya, one of the few women in the police department. Drawn into both investigations, she must be increasingly careful to hide a secret of her own. Portraying the lives of women in one of the most closed cultures in the world, award-winning author Zov¿ Ferraris weaves a tale of psychological suspense around an elusive serial killer and the sinister forces trafficking in human lives in Saudi Arabia.

Release date: June 5, 2012

Publisher: Little, Brown and Company

Print pages: 375

Sample

KINGDOM OF STRANGERS

“Ferraris has honed her skills as a practitioner of crime fiction. Like the best of them, she knows how to hook the reader with a killer opening, spin a plot that seems to unravel with each complex twist, and weave it all together in a satisfying resolution…. She is at once lyrical and precise. She can bring a pile of sand to life so that you can practically see the grains reconfiguring into dunes of different shapes. And she does even better by her people…. There’s something here for everyone: a thrilling mystery; exposure to a country typically shrouded under a veil from the Western gaze; not one but two conflicted love stories. But it’s the characters who drive this remarkable book, products of their foreign culture, but deeply familiar in their humanity. Here’s hoping for another sequel.”

—Malena Watrous, San Francisco Chronicle

“Ferraris is interested in capturing the claustrophobic, charged atmosphere of life in Saudi Arabia, and her ability to do so enlivens the plot…. The professional analysis of the serial killer’s mind and methods, the pathetic details of the victims’ lives, the intuitive breakthroughs, the final confrontation: All have become clichés of the genre, but Ferraris delivers them with skill and expert timing…. In a segregated society, where even a professional encounter between a man and a woman is potentially criminal, Ibrahim and Katya’s hunt for the serial killer crosses treacherous ground…. The pace accelerates smoothly toward a denouement that is swift and satisfying.”

—Anna Mundow, Washington Post

“A first-class police procedural…. Zoë Ferraris continues her impressive run of crime novels set in Saudi Arabia. She knows what she writes about, having lived there…. Terrific atmosphere and a painless lesson in the religious, social, and sexual mores of Saudi Arabia.”

—Marcel Berlins, The Times (UK)

“Ferraris takes mystery lovers back to modern Saudi Arabia, where religion is law and forbidden passion carries a death sentence…. She lifts the veil from a culture where apparent virtue masks violence. Katya’s struggle for professional advancement in the face of societal prejudice against women is eye-opening, the lack of female empowerment in Saudi culture clearly exemplified. As the investigation reaches its surprising conclusion, Ibrahim and Katya’s choices change their lives forever. This sensitive and enlightening mystery is sure both to move and to chill its readers.”

—Jaclyn Fulwood, Shelf Awareness

“Ferraris offers another fascinating mystery that provides insight into the lives of women in Saudi Arabia and exposes the plight of migrant workers there…. The combination of an exotic locale with a closed culture and first-rate psychological suspense makes this a compelling page-turner. Recommend Ferraris to readers who enjoyed Rajaa Alsanea’s literary novel Girls of Riyadh.”

—Barbara Bibel, Booklist

“Police inspector Ibrahim Zahrani and forensic scientist Katya Hijazi embark on a harrowing search for a serial killer. Hijazi, an unusual character, is smart, hardworking, and determined to break through her country’s glass ceiling.”

—Georgia Rowe, San Jose Mercury News

“Beautifully crafted…. With intelligence, patience, and meticulous detail, Ferraris evokes a complex culture profoundly ambivalent about female power.”

—Publishers Weekly

“Ferraris works her magic again in Kingdom of Strangers…. She writes brilliantly of the claustrophobia and frustrations, as well as the growing pride of modern, working Saudi women…. Kingdom of Strangers, like Finding Nouf and City of Veils before it, is an excellent, exotic mystery. Well worth the read.”

—Dave Biemann, MysteryOne.com

“Any suspense novel immersed in another culture, particularly a secretive one, is just that much more interesting, and Ferraris, who previously lived in Saudi Arabia, expertly mines her locale for tantalizing details.”

—Sherryl Connelly, New York Daily News

“Accomplished prose, an intricate mystery, and insider Saudi scoop make for an unusual and winning combination.”

—Kirkus Reviews

“A fascinating glimpse into the veiled world of Saudi Arabian crime, justice, and women by the award-winning San Francisco writer, a former resident of the desert kingdom…. Not your average serial-killer hunt, this one rings with pathos and authenticity.”

—John Sullivan, Winnipeg Free Press

The SUV hit the sand drift, skidded, and stopped in the middle of the road. The Homicide team got out, four men in plainclothes, their shirts wrinkled, faces stung by the sun. Only one man had thought to bring a scarf for his head; the others made do with sunglasses.

The local police pulled up behind them. The Bedouin who had found the corpse could see at once, from the subtle way the men’s bodies showed deference, who was in charge. Lieutenant Colonel Inspector Ibrahim Zahrani did not introduce himself. The Bedouin approached him, anxiously recounting how his truck had jacked off the road, throwing one of his sheep out of the flatbed and forcing him to stop. When he’d gone to retrieve the sheep, he’d found the body. Everyone followed him over a rise in the sand.

It was hard to tell at first whether it was a man or a woman. Five sets of boots stopped in a semicircle around a mutilated face. The cheek and left eye had been ripped away—probably a bullet’s exit wound—and the remaining skin was desiccated gray and coated with sand. From the tiniest sliver of black poking up from the collar, Ibrahim guessed she was female.

His first thought was that some desert boy had shot his sister through the head for a “crime” that involved the family honor. Who else would bury someone way out here? Too far south to be Jeddah, this was a forgotten strip of sand sixteen miles inland from the main road, which was not even a proper freeway itself. They’d gotten lost twice driving up here and had had to wait for the local police officer to come and get them.

He gave the face another look. It was not a desert face. Even with all the destruction, you could see it was Asian.

Ibrahim glanced at his watch: 1:30 p.m. If they were lucky, they could be done before the most infernal hours of the day. It was early autumn, really just an extension of summer. The heat was already clipping his thoughts like an impatient listener. The local officer, Hattab al-Anzi, didn’t look like a man who worked a desert beat. Pasty-faced, squinting, covered in sweat. He gave a honk and drove off, presumably to fetch the coroner, or perhaps the forensics team, who were no doubt stuck circling the same roads Ibrahim’s men had just cursed to hell.

Behind them, the sheep were bleating in the truck bed. Half the road was covered in sand. Just a few meters ahead of where they’d stopped the SUV, the road was impassable. Such an isolated spot. The drift might have gone unnoticed for weeks.

“Any idea if this happened recently?” Ibrahim asked the Bedouin.

“Yeah, we had a windstorm last night. A bad one. Certainly bad enough to blow a dune over the roadway.”

When he said dune, he motioned in the direction of the body. All Ibrahim could see was a great vista of sand broken here and there by outcroppings of rock. It took a loosening of perspective, some stiff stumbling back to the road, before he saw how the area around the body was slightly raised. There had been a dune there—not a very high one, probably a barchan, its back to the east-blowing wind.

He watched his men trample the crime scene and heard his junior officer Waseem Daher admonish them. “Go back to the street! You’re stepping on evidence!” No one listened, but they stood near him, turned to him when he spoke, always eager. Daher hadn’t fully realized his power over other men.

The sun beat down on them like licks from a blowtorch. When the cars finally arrived, they came funerary style, a procession of Red Crescent ambulances, the coroner’s van, two Yukons with forensics teams. The local cop, Hattab, brought up the rear.

“Stupid guy,” someone said. “Would someone tell him you’re not supposed to lead from behind?”

“He’s just making sure he can get out first, in case we have another windstorm.” This was Daher.

Within minutes, the scene was a maelstrom of men. The forensics guys cordoned off the area around the body with long sticks and a swirl of blue tape. Ibrahim intervened; he wanted the whole dune sectioned off, so they expanded the area, pushing the men farther back. Two younger officers had arrived with the coroner, also named Ibrahim but whom everybody called Abu-Musa, the “father of Musa.” He was actually the father of Kareem and should have been called Abu-Kareem, but at a coffee shop one afternoon he had attempted to explain to Chief Inspector Riyadh that musa, which was the name of the prophet Moses, was also the genus classification name for bananas. And they were so named because Moses’s mother had stuffed a banana into the baby’s mouth before placing him in a reed basket and pushing him down the Nile. The banana was nutritious but, more crucially, kept the baby quiet so that the Egyptians wouldn’t kill him. Chief Riyadh, unused to following such convoluted intersections of history and myth, simply sucked on his hookah and grunted. “You know this how, Abu-Musa?” The name had stuck.

Inspector Ibrahim had never worked with Abu-Musa before, but the man’s temper was legendary, as was his overbearing righteousness. Right now Abu-Musa was waiting for forensics to finish excavating the torso. Two Red Crescent men moved in to help set up the vacuums that forensics would use to remove the sand, and Abu-Musa shouted at them: “Get back from there! You don’t touch her!”

“She’s dead,” one of the RC responders replied.

“No one should touch her! Now get out of here.” Abu-Musa pushed the man aside. He wasn’t worried that someone might disrupt the evidence; he was watching out for virtue crimes, a man touching a woman’s body, defeating her honor even in death.

The familiar crackling of tires on asphalt and a small explosion of dust announced the arrival of another SUV, this one carrying Detective Inspector Osama Ibrahim.

Osama got out, surveyed the scene, and went straight to Ibrahim. The two men shook hands, and Osama offered an apology for not having welcomed him to the department before this.

Everyone was acting deferential. Ibrahim had been in the department for two weeks now, a transfer from Undercover. He had seniority only because, at forty-two, he was older than most of the other officers; because he had worked Homicide many years ago; and because he had royal-family connections. He was sure that soon the cracks would start to show.

“Local Bedouin found a woman’s body in the sand,” he said. “Have a look.”

Osama went off.

The Red Crescent responders were grumbling about Abu-Musa and discussing an incident that had been in the news. A female student at the Teachers’ Education College in Qassim had fallen ill. The college had called the Red Crescent, but when they arrived, the authorities had forbidden the paramedics from touching her. They’d been afraid she would die but apparently more afraid that, touched by strange men, she would lose her dignity. Amid all the arguing, the girl had died. Fortunately, these two RC responders seemed appalled by the whole event and were wary of the same thing happening to them.

“The fuck he thinks we are—a pack of pimps?” one spat.

Osama came back looking shaken. Ibrahim recognized the look. You believed you were immune to death, having seen whole rooms splattered in human fluids—and then one woman’s face struck you down again. “Local trouble, you think?”

“Maybe.” Ibrahim studied the scene. “Is your coroner always so aggressive?”

“Yeah, but only when female victims are involved.”

“Naturally.”

There was a sudden crack. It was a small sound but it provoked a wave of curious silence. One of the Red Crescent men had stepped into a soft part of the sand, and his foot had encountered something hard, which had splintered. Ibrahim went over, shouting: “Nobody move!” Surprisingly, everyone obeyed.

The man had already lifted his foot out of the sand, and Ibrahim could see from his face what he’d found.

“That sounded like bone.”

“It was.” The depression where the man’s shoe had been was filling with sand. Ibrahim caught sight of what might have been another face.

They were five meters away from the original body.

“Everyone stay exactly where you are,” Ibrahim boomed. “Except for you.” He pointed at the forensics photographer. “Take photos of everyone, exactly where they are now.” The man scrambled into action. Then Ibrahim pointed to Daher. “Get the local guy to radio in a request for some trackers. Murrah, if you can get them. As fast as possible.” Daher jogged to the cop car, where Hattab was enjoying the AC.

Ibrahim stood guard, his gaze challenging anyone to move so much as a millimeter. Like children in a game, they stood awkwardly frozen, their faces throwing off the burden of heat and now alive with expectation, the strange delight of being told what to do when it actually counted.

His men had trampled the area well, but by the third body they could still find no pattern.

The Murrah trackers who arrived—a grandfather and his nephews—spent hours going over the site, memorizing boot prints, sandal prints, eliminating the men who were there with such deftness it seemed magical. They didn’t even need to consult the photographs the forensics guy had taken. Then they started again, looking for the things that didn’t belong. They probed the ground, bending over with hands on knees, squatting, kneeling, staring at the same spots in the sand for whole minutes at a time, following subtle trails. They found the next six bodies with hands like divining rods, feeling mysterious geometries in the air above the sand, and only then did a pattern of sorts begin to emerge.

The bodies were all female. They had all been buried at the back of what had been a crescent dune. There was an underlying rock formation that gave the area some stability, that made it possible, for example, for a murderer with a penchant for returning to the same burial site to actually find that site in the case of a sandstorm blowing his dune across the road. A slight depression leading down from the road meant that no matter how many windstorms came through, the sand would reaccumulate at this spot. Over the course of months it would rise up into a dune, blown by steady winds. In a storm, it would topple onto the road, like a slow-motion wave crashing onto a beach. The road would be cleared and eventually the sand would rise again.

As the body count grew, Ibrahim kept returning to a single thought: Why here?

They had to bring in water trucks, and a local restaurant (only thirty-two kilometers away) prepared huge plates of rice and lamb, wedding style, which the men ate distractedly, if at all. The blasting waves of heat began their killing spree by stealing the men’s appetites. Two men collapsed and had to be driven back to Jeddah in a Red Crescent van.

He bent over body after body, the heat like hooks cutting into his back. Sweat dripped so freely that his shoes were wet. Even the Murrah began to look wilted.

The scene unfolded like an archaeological dig, sprawling out toward the desert, growing up over surfaces decorated with canvas blankets, stakes, lights brought in as the sun grew red and dipped to the edge of the Earth’s plain. Nineteen bodies in all. He dreaded the number when he heard the coroner say it. Abu-Musa came to talk to him, the first time he’d done so all day. The sunset made his grizzled face almost pretty.

“Did you hear what I said? Nineteen bodies,” Abu-Musa said. “Nineteen. You know what this means?”

“ ‘And over it is nineteen?’ ” Ibrahim recited.

Abu-Musa nodded, looking quietly pleased. That verse from the Quran, mysterious out of context, had prompted men over the centuries to conjure wild fantasies about the importance of the number nineteen. The most recent incarnation came from Tucson, Arizona, where an Egyptian biochemist, Rashad Khalifa, claimed that the archangel Gabriel had revealed to him in the text of the Quran a hidden mathematical code that could be unlocked using the number nineteen.

But the subsequent verse in the Quran was a simple explanation of it: And we have set none but angels as guardians of the fire, and we have fixed their number.

It meant there were nineteen angels guarding Hell.

“Could be a coincidence,” Ibrahim said.

“Are you sure about that?” Abu-Musa smiled, a cold gesture. “I believe you won’t find any more bodies out here. Whoever did this has his reason.”

“All the same,” Ibrahim said, “maybe it just happens to be nineteen.”

Katya Hijazi was carrying the latest batch of files down to Inspector Zahrani’s office when an explosive round of laughter from the situation room drew her attention. She crept down the corridor, wanting to know what was so funny at a Homicide meeting.

The crowd was dispersing, and she watched them through the doorway, the men talking, conversations erupting here and there, laughter, nods of agreement. No one looked her way, they were too busy staring at Waseem Daher, one of the junior detectives whom Katya had met twice and already counted as among the few people she would gladly shove into an industrial meat grinder. Last week, Daher had accused her of being a hotshot who fancied herself the centerpiece of every investigation, thanks to growing up watching CSI and believing that forensics officers actually did all of the investigative work. If he noticed her in the doorway, he didn’t let on.

Pictures of the victims’ faces filled most of the whiteboard at the front of the room. Katya had been so busy in the lab that she hadn’t seen the bodies yet. Every time she went downstairs, the examiner’s office was crowded with senior officers and Ministry of Interior agents. They had never had so many bodies at once. In fact, they didn’t have enough freezer space in the women’s lab, so they had put the overflow in the men’s side of the laboratory and prayed that no one else in Jeddah died until they finished processing the evidence.

It had taken three days to remove the bodies from the site. They had even brought in an archaeologist in the desperate hope of establishing that the bodies were historical. But from what forensics now knew, the most “historical” of them had died ten years ago.

Katya had spent the past four days bagging and labeling the clothing of the dead and running blood and fiber samples like a drone, disconnected from any greater knowledge of what she was doing. Information about the murders had to be ferreted out through hasty conversations with Majdi, one of the male forensic pathologists, or by some old-fashioned investigating of her own: eavesdropping and “borrowing” the reports that never managed to circulate to her desk. She had a few reports in her arms right now, but they’d turned out to be duds.

She did know that the investigators still hadn’t identified any of the women. They were mostly immigrants: Filipinas, Sri Lankans, Indonesians, most in their early twenties. All of their faces had been torn apart, and there were no fingerprints. The facial-reconstruction specialists had just produced some sketches, and these were what Katya was after.

As the men started coming through the door, she drew to the side. She didn’t want to go up to her lab and sit in front of a machine for the rest of the day. She wanted to interview people, scour the streets for potential witnesses, do all of the things that would most contribute right now and that these men were gearing up to do, or doing easily, without worrying about what it would mean for their virtue. But she couldn’t interview people. Maybe they would find it improper to talk to a woman. She would have to have a male chaperone. She would have to have some authority to force them to talk. She could always shove her way through the door, but there were more subtle obstacles than a door. There were gateways in the mind, blind alleys and narrow passages, labyrinths that made up whole cities of thought, whole worlds from which people would never make an exit, surrounded as they were by heavy stone walls from the era of the Rashidun Caliphate.

She went to the end of the hallway, dropped the files in Zahrani’s box, and went straight downstairs to the medical examiner’s office. There were two entrances to the lower floor of the building—one for men and one for women. She took the appropriate door and wound her way to the front of the building, where she found Adara in the female autopsy room.

“Oh, good, you’re here,” Adara said. “Put on some gloves and come over.”

Katya did as she was told and braced herself to look at the five bodies lined up on stretchers against the wall.

“They originally numbered the victims in the sequence in which they were found, but it turns out that was haphazard, and now they want to renumber them according to the chronology of their deaths, which makes this one the most recent.” Adara motioned with a needle to the chest she was currently stitching closed. “They just brought her in this morning.”

“How long has she been dead?”

“It’s difficult to say, but no more than six months.”

“I don’t know anything about it,” Katya said. “I’ve just been running blood samples and looking at the photos of their faces.”

“Well, their faces pretty much tell the whole story. Every one of them was shot through the back of the head at point-blank range. Bullet exit wounds damaged most of the faces, but it’s still possible to see some facial characteristics.” She motioned to the woman on the table. “What else I can tell you is that she was between twenty and twenty-five years old. There is a broken tibia, a broken femur, no evidence of rape. And then, of course, her hands.”

Katya looked at the woman’s arms and nearly fell over. The hands were missing—both of them. That explained why there were no fingerprints.

“They’re all like that,” Adara said.

“All?”

“Yes. Each one was cut off with a single stroke after the victim was killed.” Adara’s hands were making rough work of the stitching. She threw down the needle, went to the sink, and threw up.

“Sorry,” she muttered. “Pregnant.”

“Oh. Congratulations.”

Adara wiped her mouth and rinsed it with some water before coming back to the table.

“Do they still have their feet?” Katya asked.

“Yes.”

“I know the investigators have just gotten some facial-reconstruction sketches,” Katya said. “They’re planning on showing them to the consulates.”

“And you think…?”

“That that’s going to take a few years. The consulates won’t know anything. Look how bad they are with the living.”

“Well, yes,” Adara said. “I think they’re right to presume that most of these women were foreign laborers, probably housemaids.”

The biggest shock to the department was the possibility that one person had done this, that one person, over the course of many years, had been silently killing women and no one had noticed. Katya had already begun assembling missing-persons files, but it was likely that these women had never been reported missing. Their employers probably assumed that their housemaids had run off, like many of them did, in search of a better job or to get away from an abusive situation. The housemaid wouldn’t want to be found—she might be sent to prison.

It was possible, too, that whoever killed these women had hired them as housemaids himself. That he kept them in seclusion, tortured them slowly, one at a time, before killing them. That from the very moment these women entered the country, no one but the killer knew they existed.

“What do you know about serial killers?” Adara asked.

Katya shook her head. “Not much.”

“Well, I just heard that they’re bringing in a man from the American FBI, someone who specializes in serial killers.”

“That seems excessive,” Katya said. “I mean, we’ve had them before.”

Adara looked at the bodies lined against the wall. “I guess they figure that this one is different. A new breed, perhaps. He’s been working for at least ten years. Chief Riyadh is ashamed. Everyone is feeling humiliated. They didn’t know this was happening. They’re ten years late. It took the police four years to track down that serial killer in Yanbu. Riyadh’s not going to let this case last that long.”

On her way back to the women’s lab, Katya stopped at Majdi’s office, but he was on the phone, and ministry agents were milling about. She quickly ducked back into the corridor and took off down the hall. Just this week the religious establishment had issued a fatwa against female cashiers, saying it was sinful for women to work in public positions where they might come into contact with men. It might have become yet another ridiculous fatwa that Saudis would allow themselves to feel guilty about but would roundly ignore, except that the grand mufti in charge of validating the fatwa actually extended its reach by banning women not only from cashier positions but from every other kind of job that would bring them into contact with men. The first line of battle on these things was in government positions, and especially those in law enforcement. She hoped the king’s brothers or the king himself might do something to overturn it, but until then all the women in the lab were holding their breath.

It was only to be expected that at the worst possible moment, his son’s life would implode. Zaki’s marriage had been a disaster from the beginning. Ibrahim had watched the pressure build for three grueling months. Even the shocking appearance of nineteen dead bodies was not enough to alter this inevitable motion toward the deep, dark, inward-sucking force of his failed family.

His favorite son, Zaki. Ibrahim sat in the courtroom and listened as the boy tried to explain himself to the judge once again. He had made a mistake. It was all too easy when you didn’t know the bride before you married her. They—both of them—were just asking for a divorce.

The judge made no sign that he’d heard but something in his eyes told Ibrahim that he wasn’t buying it, that he heard men say this sort of thing all the time. But what was Zaki supposed to say? That he had never meant to marry a woman like Saffanah: righteous, religious, praying five times a day, and asking him to take her to Mecca once a week? The judge would kick him out of the courtroom for his disrespect to Islam.

The way Zaki told it, when he woke in the morning, he’d find his robe, his ‘iqal, and his ghutra neatly laid out on the bed. And socks—she always put a pair beside the robe, on the off chance that he was one of those idiots who actually wore them. In the kitchen, he’d find his breakfast on the table, his coffee poured and sugared, his bread fresh from the oven. After breakfast, he’d find his wallet and keys on the table by the front door. He would only see Saffanah once he’d climbed into his car and looked back at the apartment. She’d be standing behind the half-shuttered window looking out at the street. At least he assumed it was her behind the burqa; there was no one else at home. He had no idea what she did all day. She was too pious to own a cell phone. She said they were tools of moral ruination. When he came home in the evenings, his dinner was waiting for him. His prayer mat was laid out with a clean change of clothes. She did such a good job of taking care of him while the whole time refusing to give him the one thing a husband expected. At night, in the bedroom, she wouldn’t touch him. He had never seen her naked. He knew it was his right to demand it, but he didn’t want to force her. In fact, he wasn’t sure he wanted it at all.

Just a few days after the wedding, even before Zaki had started to complain about it, Ibrahim had sussed out the situation. Though Saffanah was never in his way, her distance, silence, and pitch-perfect obedience were going to start getting in the way.

“This,” Zaki had shouted one night, “is why I hate religion!”

“Don’t say that,” Ibrahim said, shocked. “She is not Islam. She is not even a good version of Islam.”

They had already told the judge that they hadn’t consummated the marriage and that Saffanah was still a virgin. Delicately, Zaki had suggested that a doctor could confirm it. Saffanah’s father, Jibril, had shot out of his chair, shouting in protest. The judge had quieted him with a wave of his hand and then turned to Zaki with a look of deep skepticism.

“But it’s true!” Zaki said.

Jibril was quick to respond. He argued that it didn’t matter what had happened in the bedroom. Saffanah had been married for three months now. No man was going to believe she was a virgin, even if she was. Ibrahim hated to admit that the bastard had a point. It was going to be difficult for Saffanah to remarry.

She was sitting on the other side of him. Not a single piece of skin was showing anywhere on her body; her burqa was an impenetrable slab of black, and she was wearing socks and gloves. But her posture said everything. She slunk down in her chair, arms curled around her torso, head bowed. Saffanah—“pearl.” She was awkward, clumsy, painfully self-conscious. Her face was misshapen, lumpy like bread dough. Nothi